Effects of retinal laser photocoagulation on photoreceptor basic fibroblast growth factor and survival.

PURPOSE In an unpublished study, the authors found that immunoreactivity for basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is increased in rod photoreceptors adjacent to long-standing laser burns in human diabetic retinas. The goal of this study was to determine whether laser photocoagulation produces a similar increase in photoreceptor bFGF and promotes survival of these cells in dystrophic rodent retinas. METHODS Threshold (whitening) and subthreshold (nonwhitening) laser burns were made in retinas of normal and Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats and normal and rds mice. The retinas were processed for immunocytochemical and morphometric analyses. RESULTS In nonlasered normal rat and mouse retinas, bFGF immunoreactivity was prominent in the nuclei of Müller cells and astrocytes. Photoreceptors were bFGF negative except for a zone of bFGF-immunoreactive rods near the ora serrata. Some photoreceptors in nonlasered retinas of RCS rats and rds mice became bFGF immunoreactive. After laser treatment, bFGF immunoreactivity was markedly increased in all photoreceptors flanking the threshold burns and within the subthreshold burns in normal and mutant rats and mice. In RCS rat retinas, photoreceptor bFGF immunoreactivity remained elevated within subthreshold burns and flanking the threshold burns, and photoreceptor survival was prolonged. In rds mouse retinas, increased bFGF immunoreactivity in photoreceptors was not sustained and their degeneration was not retarded. CONCLUSIONS Laser treatment of RCS rat retinas produced a sustained increase in bFGF immunoreactivity in photoreceptors and prolonged their survival, but laser treatment of rds mouse retinas did not have a long-term effect on photoreceptor bFGF immunoreactivity or survival. Although species differences in laser effects on photoreceptor bFGF and survival are apparent, the finding that rods flanking laser burns in human retinas have sustained increases in bFGF immunoreactivity suggests that laser treatment may be useful for prolonging survival of mutant photoreceptors in retinas of patients with retinitis pigmentosa.